Included are important news articles from various sources that pertain to education today. Occassionally there are a few tips and tricks relating to education throughout the blog.

Saturday, June 28, 2008

Software to students: 'I feel your pain'

From: eSchool News
http://www.eschoolnews.com/news/top-news/index.cfm?i=54266&i-d
By Dennis Carter, Assistant Editor, eSchool News


New technology could help educators know when their students are feeling frustrated, confused

Primary Topic Channel: Emerging technologies

Student comprehension is tough to judge for teachers at the helm of a packed classroom, so researchers at the University of Massachusetts are developing a program that can gauge whether students are bored, frustrated, or motivated during computer-based exercises.
UMass researchers received a grant of $890,419 this month from the National Center for Education Research to advance technology that uses sensors to detect student emotions, allowing teachers to tailor their lessons more easily around classroom victories and struggles.

"It allows them to see how their students are doing and to see what their weakest areas are," said Ivon M. Arroyo, a research scientist at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst who has developed intelligent tutoring programs for the last decade. "[The technology] serves as an assessment tool for the teachers and informs them of how each student is handling [his or her] work."

Researchers said they have overseen test runs of the emotion detectors in recent years, but they weren't sure when the technology would be unveiled in K-12 schools. The computer-based tutors developed by UMass researchers and their peers at Arizona State University help teach algebra and geometry to high school students but eventually will be available for every subject.

The tutoring program uses sensors placed in a student's seat, in the computer mouse, and on a student's wrist to detect arousal through skin conductance, a common measure for stress response. Conductance gives researchers a clear picture of the subject's nervous-system activity. The program also will use cameras to detect smiles and facial expressions that connote negative feelings, such as anxiety or frustration. Once these reactions are recorded, Arroyo and her colleagues will match each reaction with the proper emotion, giving an accurate readout for teachers.

"We're trying to make the computers smarter so they can understand the students," she said.

Beverly Woolf, a computer science researcher at the university who has developed tutoring programs for more than 20 years, said the ability to monitor students' emotional reactions to class work could be invaluable for teachers. A frustrated student isn't likely to comprehend the day's lesson, she explained.

"Emotion and cognitive functions are strongly correlated," Woolf said. "So if you improve the social intelligence of the computer, students respond the way they would to another person. Sensors allow the computer to identify students who pay attention and those too tired or bored to learn."

Don Knezek, CEO of the International Society for Technology in Education, a nonprofit organization aiming to improve instruction through the use of technology, said the tutoring program would best be used in classrooms where one-on-one instruction was rare or nonexistent.

"It is pretty evident that such a system would be extremely useful in learning situations where there might not be a human available, with both adequate skills and enough high-quality personal contact, to sense these emotions of boredom and frustration in students in their early stages," Knezek said. "Considering the role boredom and frustration play in students disengaging, and the role meaningful engagement plays in high-yield learning, interventions that can reduce the occurrence of these clearly have positive potential."


Reading the computer tutor's feedback would give teachers a head start on helping students who consistently struggle through a class, Knezek said. Those students, he said, often give up on a subject after days or weeks of curriculum they don't understand.
"As a lifelong educator, I would welcome a system that assists me in knowing when a potential problem is building with one or more of my students," he said. "It could help me focus my attention where [it is] most needed and could suggest what challenges I might find as I afford special attention to the problem situation."
The UMass research team has a web site, called Wayang Outpost, that offers online tests and quizzes for students preparing for standardized tests. The tutoring web site includes "virtual adventures" in which students follow a narrative and solve math problems.
K-12 administrators said keeping an eye on student emotions would save teachers from rehashing lessons later on if a portion of the class is having trouble comprehending the material.
"Kids learn differently today, and often at a pace much different than in the past," said Marc Liebman, superintendent of Berryessa Union School District in San Jose, Calif. "A computer that can adjust for that will keep kids more focused and use their time more effectively. That should result in higher success rates."
Liebman said he would be interested in bringing the program to his school system when university researchers have perfected the technology.
"For me, all I can say is, 'Wow, I can't wait to get my hands on this,'" he said.

Friday, June 27, 2008

Study: Parents clueless about kids' internet use

From: eSchool News
http://www.eschoolnews.com/news/top-news/index.cfm?i=54295&i-d
By Meris Stansbury, Assistant Editor, eSchool News


Parents around the world are largely unaware of their children's internet use, research suggests

Primary Topic Channel: Safety & security

A recent survey by internet security firm Symantec Corp. suggests that many parents are unaware of their children's internet activity and typically underestimate how often their kids encounter online threats.

For Symantec's "Norton Online Living Report," research firm Harris Interactive surveyed more than 4,500 adults and 2,700 children ages 8 to 17 from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Germany, France, Brazil, China, and Japan from November to December 2007. To qualify as survey respondents, subjects had to report spending an hour or more online each month.

The findings show that internet users generally are confident, socializing with strangers online (21 percent of U.S. respondents said they do this) and making friends online (35 percent of U.S. respondents).

However, though parents and children share some of the same online activities, many parents are unaware of their children's online activities and the security threats that surround those activities.

Overall, parents appear to underestimate how often their children encounter indiscretions online, such as receiving requests for personal information, being approached online by a stranger, and experiencing cyber pranks or bullying.

In fact, although 25 percent of U.S. children report having experienced requests for personal information, fewer than 2 in 10 parents think this is happening to their children.

Although 13 percent of U.S. children report experiencing cyber pranks, only 2 percent of parents believe their children are being cyber bullied.

Also, although 16 percent of U.S. children report being approached by an online stranger, only 6 percent of parents think their children are being approached.

About one in five U.S. children say they do things online that their parents would not approve of. They also report spending 10 times more time online than their parents think they do. Parents think their children are online about two hours a month, but in reality, children report spending 20 hours a month online.

This "digital disconnect" between parents and their children can be attributed to a lack of communication, the report says. The survey reveals that only half of parents say they've spoken to their children about practicing safe online habits. This is upsetting, the report says, considering that 81 percent of U.S. children say they are comfortable talking to their parents about their online experiences.

What's more, this digital disconnect is not just happening in the United States--it's happening in most major countries around the world.

"This report clearly demonstrated a global digital divide" between parents and their children, said Marian Merritt, internet safety advocate for Symantec. "We've always taught our children to not talk to strangers in the offline world, and now we must teach them how to safely exist in an online world filled with strangers."

Dave Cole, senior product manager for Symantec's Norton software, said this disconnect has arisen as a result of how quickly technology has permeated every aspect of life.

Two-way communication technologies have been seamlessly integrated into online games, eCommerce, and more, Cole said. However, "the integration happened so rapidly that we never stopped to think that we were really connecting with strangers," he said. "It's only natural that the relationships that were born online would eventually migrate to the offline world. What surprised us was how fast this migration has occurred and how deeply it has infiltrated nearly every activity."

Although half of the parents surveyed said they don't speak to their children about practicing safe online habits, that doesn't mean they don't care.

For instance, 79 percent of U.S. parents are concerned about their children being approached with inappropriate content or solicitations online, and 88 percent of U.S. parents believe the internet is not as safe for children as for adults.

Yet, fewer than half (48 percent) of U.S. parents set parental controls on their family's computer.

Nancy Willard, head of the Center for Safe and Responsible Internet Use, believes that internet "fear mongering" is interfering with parent-child communication about internet activities. She believes that many of the online-safety initiatives in the United States tend to focus heavily on the dangers of using the internet and are trying to scare parents into paying closer attention.

"What we need to do is to eliminate the fear mongering," says Willard. "Young people face risks online, just as they do in the real world. They need accurate information on these risks--along with practical strategies they can use to prevent themselves from getting into risky situations, detect when they are at risk, and respond effectively, including when they really need to talk with an adult."

Willard says an event to be held this October by the National Cyber Security Alliance will mark a big push to address internet safety and responsible web use by children. She hopes that many schools will host internet-safety presentations for parents during that month, as well as provide information for students.

Wiredsafety.org, another online safety organization, has a page for parents, giving them access to information about the internet and online resources that can help them talk to their children about internet safety.

Symantec also has a Norton Family Resources web site that includes information about how to talk to a child about internet safety, and all online users can take a quiz to see how much they know about the internet and online safety at the Norton Cyber Smackdown challenge.

Study: Parents clueless about kids' internet use

From: eSchool News
http://www.eschoolnews.com/news/top-news/?i=54295;_hbguid=8cbda43b-f2a7-4c5e-be3e-1d99bdd77cf7
Meris Stansbury, Assistant Editor, eSchool News

Parents around the world are largely unaware of their children's internet use, research suggests

A recent survey by internet security firm Symantec Corp. suggests that many parents are unaware of their children's internet activity and typically underestimate how often their kids encounter online threats.

For Symantec's "Norton Online Living Report," research firm Harris Interactive surveyed more than 4,500 adults and 2,700 children ages 8 to 17 from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Germany, France, Brazil, China, and Japan from November to December 2007. To qualify as survey respondents, subjects had to report spending an hour or more online each month.

The findings show that internet users generally are confident, socializing with strangers online (21 percent of U.S. respondents said they do this) and making friends online (35 percent of U.S. respondents).

However, though parents and children share some of the same online activities, many parents are unaware of their children's online activities and the security threats that surround those activities.

Overall, parents appear to underestimate how often their children encounter indiscretions online, such as receiving requests for personal information, being approached online by a stranger, and experiencing cyber pranks or bullying.

In fact, although 25 percent of U.S. children report having experienced requests for personal information, fewer than 2 in 10 parents think this is happening to their children.
Although 13 percent of U.S. children report experiencing cyber pranks, only 2 percent of parents believe their children are being cyber bullied.

Also, although 16 percent of U.S. children report being approached by an online stranger, only 6 percent of parents think their children are being approached.

About one in five U.S. children say they do things online that their parents would not approve of. They also report spending 10 times more time online than their parents think they do. Parents think their children are online about two hours a month, but in reality, children report spending 20 hours a month online.

This "digital disconnect" between parents and their children can be attributed to a lack of communication, the report says. The survey reveals that only half of parents say they've spoken to their children about practicing safe online habits. This is upsetting, the report says, considering that 81 percent of U.S. children say they are comfortable talking to their parents about their online experiences.

What's more, this digital disconnect is not just happening in the United States--it's happening in most major countries around the world.

"This report clearly demonstrated a global digital divide" between parents and their children, said Marian Merritt, internet safety advocate for Symantec. "We've always taught our children to not talk to strangers in the offline world, and now we must teach them how to safely exist in an online world filled with strangers."

Dave Cole, senior product manager for Symantec's Norton software, said this disconnect has arisen as a result of how quickly technology has permeated every aspect of life.

Two-way communication technologies have been seamlessly integrated into online games, eCommerce, and more, Cole said. However, "the integration happened so rapidly that we never stopped to think that we were really connecting with strangers," he said. "It's only natural that the relationships that were born online would eventually migrate to the offline world. What surprised us was how fast this migration has occurred and how deeply it has infiltrated nearly every activity."

Although half of the parents surveyed said they don't speak to their children about practicing safe online habits, that doesn't mean they don't care.

For instance, 79 percent of U.S. parents are concerned about their children being approached with inappropriate content or solicitations online, and 88 percent of U.S. parents believe the internet is not as safe for children as for adults.

Yet, fewer than half (48 percent) of U.S. parents set parental controls on their family's computer.

Nancy Willard, head of the Center for Safe and Responsible Internet Use, believes that internet "fear mongering" is interfering with parent-child communication about internet activities. She believes that many of the online-safety initiatives in the United States tend to focus heavily on the dangers of using the internet and are trying to scare parents into paying closer attention.

"What we need to do is to eliminate the fear mongering," says Willard. "Young people face risks online, just as they do in the real world. They need accurate information on these risks--along with practical strategies they can use to prevent themselves from getting into risky situations, detect when they are at risk, and respond effectively, including when they really need to talk with an adult."

Willard says an event to be held this October by the National Cyber Security Alliance will mark a big push to address internet safety and responsible web use by children. She hopes that many schools will host internet-safety presentations for parents during that month, as well as provide information for students.

Wiredsafety.org, another online safety organization, has a page for parents, giving them access to information about the internet and online resources that can help them talk to their children about internet safety.

Symantec also has a Norton Family Resources web site that includes information about how to talk to a child about internet safety, and all online users can take a quiz to see how much they know about the internet and online safety at the Norton Cyber Smackdown challenge.

Links:
Norton Online Living Report
Center for Safe and Responsible Internet Use
Wiredsafety.org

Wednesday, June 25, 2008

Student Faces Grade A Trouble

From: Teacher Magazine
http://blogs.edweek.org/teachers/webwatch/2008/06/student_faces_grade_a_trouble.html
Author: Danielle Woods


Instead of graduating this year from high school in Las Flores, Calif., 18-year-old Omar Khan sat in prison with 69 felony charges for hacking into school computers. If convicted, Khan faces up to 38 years in prison, the TG Daily reports.

School officials allege that Khan broke into computers and altered his AP test scores, changed his subpar grades to A’s, and altered the grades of 12 other students. He is also accused of e-mailing tests and answer keys to friends. Khan was caught after requesting an official transcript for a university he was applying to.

The stacked charges against the Tesoro High School senior include identity theft, burglary, and conspiracy. Khan’s friend Tanvir Singh has also been charged with the break-ins, but because of lesser charges only faces three years in prison if convicted. Khan’s arraignment, initially scheduled for mid-June, was postponed until July 8, according to foxnews.com. Khan is now out of jail, but his parents initially refused to post the $50,000 bail.

Online Safety Summit Emphasizes Community Collaboration

From: Digital Directions
http://www.edweek.org/dd/articles/2008/06/24/01onlinesecurity_web.h02.html
Vol. 02, Issue 01
By Katie Ash

As school officials try to navigate the murky waters of Internet-safety policies, one belief is resoundingly clear: Teaching children the skills they need to be safe online is a community effort, involving the help of schools, parents, researchers, and industry players.

That sentiment is what prompted leaders across the public and private sectors to gather in Washington on June 10 for what was billed as a national summit on Internet safety. The sponsors were Cable in the Classroom, Common Sense Media, iKeepSafe, and the National Cable and Telecommunications Association, or NCTA.

“Internet safety is every teacher and every person’s responsibility,” said Ann Fondren, the coordinator of library and media studies for the 25,000-student Spotsylvania County public schools in Virginia and a panelist at the summit. “It’s a conversation we can never stop having.”

Virginia recently became the first state to require that schools integrate Internet-safety lessons into the curriculum at every grade level. While the state is not mandating a specific curriculum, it has put together guidelines and resources to help districts make Internet safety part of their current curricula. The aim is to protect students from online sexual predators, Web-based bullying, and exposure to inappropriate content.

“The idea was that local school divisions would develop something that was locally appropriate,” said Tammy M. McGraw, the director of educational technology for the Virginia Department of Education. Now it’s up to district-level technology leaders to update their policies on acceptable use and determine how the guidelines and objectives best fit into local curricula.

“Everyone has a part to play,” said McGraw. “[Chief technology officers need to] look around and figure out where it makes sense to integrate [the objectives], how to integrate them, and what resources we need to be able to provide for teachers and parents.”

And other states may soon follow suit. “We certainly have had a fair number of questions from other states,” McGraw said. “I think everyone recognizes that the key to Internet safety is not just filters.”

Beyond Filters

“We can’t throw a safety net over the Internet,” said Joe Laramie, a police officer in the Glendale Police Department in Missouri and a member of the state’s Internet Crimes Against Children Task Force. In addition to built-in Web filters on their computers, schools need to educate children about how to behave appropriately on the Internet, said Laramie, who also spoke at the conference. “We have to inspire and motivate [children] to protect [themselves].”

Depending too heavily on site-blocking and filtering can significantly limit the educational value of Internet resources and Web tools, panelists at the event suggested.

Lean King, the superintendent of the 5,600-student Encinitas Union School District near San Diego, said schools should aim to create a “trusted educational environment without blocking the rich resources that we want [students] to have access to.”

To be sure, allowing access to online tools increases the chances of abuse and inappropriate behavior, he warned. But the benefits of teaching students to use Web 2.0 tools and Internet resources in safe, controlled conditions outweighs those potential problems, he said.

To find that balance, King said, schools have “a real large professional-development responsibility to increase [the] staff’s awareness of social-networking sites and database resources, and the strength of the tools that are out there.”

Community Effort

Keeping parents in the loop is a vital part of a successful Internet-safety program, said King. “It’s the collective responsibility with parents, staff, and the community to ensure children’s safety.”

That collaborative mind-set is a shift from the early days of the Internet, said Linda Sharp, the project director for cyber security at the Washington-based Consortium for School Networking “Traditionally, schools said, ‘We are protecting [students] in school, and it is up to parents to handle security when they are at home,’ ” she said. But that hand-off of authority hasn’t worked, she said.

“Many times, students are so much more tech-savvy than their parents that parents [don’t] feel qualified or knowledgeable enough to ensure safety,” said Sharp. “Schools now realize that they have to work with parents by providing information, strategies, and support so that ... students understand the issues and can be monitored and protected as much as possible.”

Parents are often the first line of defense against online predators and inappropriate Internet behavior, the panelists pointed out.

“Parents need timely and relevant information,” in order to keep their children safe, said Stephen Balkam, the chief executive officer of the Family Online Safety Institute, an international nonprofit organization that promotes Internet safety. “Schools are a vital part of this.”

Acceptable-use policies help bring parents up to speed about Internet-safety regulations and could serve as a jumping-off point for a larger conversation between schools and parents about such safety, Balkam said.

And as technology continues to become a more powerful and pervasive force in children’s lives, it’s increasingly important for parents and educators to orient students to the positive uses of the Internet, rather than focusing solely on the risks, the panelists said.

By educating parents, students, and teachers about computer and technology ethics, educators can help harness students’ skills and allow them to “positively use their knowledge,” said Tracy Weeks, the director of instructional technology and media for the 11,000-student Chapel Hill-Carrboro city school district in North Carolina.

The ultimate goal, she said, “is for students to be global, digital citizens and know how to exist safely online.”

Education Wanes as Campaign Issue, Poll Finds

From: Education Week
http://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2008/06/25/43poll_web.h27.html?tmp=225802897
Vol. 27
Michele McNeil


With the general election less than five months away, voters’ concerns about rising gas prices and the sagging economy trump education as a campaign issue, even as more Americans believe the nation’s schools are getting worse, according to a new national poll released today by the Public Education Network.

In fact, education is slipping as a campaign issue. Two years ago, when many governorships and state legislatures were up for grabs, education ranked as the most important issue in a similar poll conducted by the Washington-based group, a network of community-based organizations that work on school improvement in low-income areas. During the 2004 presidential election, education ranked second, behind the economy.

This year, education ranked third, the new poll found, with 12 percent declaring it the most important issue, compared with 22 percent who cited gas prices, and 19 percent who cited jobs and the economy as the most important issue. Education ranked ahead of health care, taxes, crime, and homeland security.

Even parents who have school-age children—a group that typically puts school issues near the top of the list—ranked education as third. However, researchers found that education is a top concern to one demographic: young black adults.

Overall, only 10 percent of voters said a presidential candidate’s view on education is one of the “most important” to their vote, though 38 percent deemed it “very important.” Sixty percent said they want to hear more about education from the candidates.

The poll of 1,200 adults was conducted in May by Washington-based Lake Research Partners. Funded by New York City-based MetLife Foundation, the poll has a margin of error of plus or minus 3.1 percentage points.

Meanwhile, Americans seem to be getting more pessimistic about their own neighborhood schools, and education on a national level. Thirty-two percent of poll respondents said the quality of their local schools has declined, and 40 percent said schools nationally have declined. On the flip side, just 15 percent think their local schools have improved, while 26 percent think schools nationally have improved. The rest of respondents said the quality of schools has stayed the same.

“Americans care about their schools, but they are not hearing enough about schools and not seeing the changes they would like,” Wendy Puriefoy, the president of the education network, said in a statement. “The poll reveals that, as a result, Americans are losing confidence in local and national efforts to improve schools and in the elected and public officials who are in charge of making change happen.”

Six years after the federal No Child Left Behind Act was implemented, people are split in their opinion of the law. About one-third think the law has helped schools, one-third feel the law has hurt schools, and the remainder say it’s made no difference. However, black and Latino respondents were more likely than whites to believe that NCLB is helping schools.

The poll is part of a larger effort by the network to strengthen community involvement in schools. To that end, the network has developed a “civic index,” so communities can measure how they’re faring in areas such as parental involvement, officeholder leadership, and business involvement.

The national index, also released today, shows that while Americans are doing more for schools than they were two years ago, half of Americans say they aren’t involved at all in schools.

Holding Back Young Students: Is Program a Gift or a Stigma?

From: The New York Times
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/25/education/25gift.html?_r=1&oref=slogin June 25, 2008
Winnie Hu


SPRING VALLEY, N.Y. — With the increasing emphasis on standardized testing over the past decade, large urban school systems have famously declared an end to so-called social promotion among youngsters lacking basic skills. Last year, New York flunked 6 percent of its first graders, and Chicago 7.7 percent.

Now the 8,400-student East Ramapo school district in this verdant stretch west of the Palisades is going further, having revived a controversial retention practice widely denounced in the 1980s to not only hold back nearly 12 percent of its first graders this spring but to segregate them in a separate classroom come fall.

The special classes, which are limited to 15 students and follow a pared-down curriculum of reading, writing and arithmetic, are called the Gift of Time and come with extras like tutoring and field trips to a local farm.

School officials say that adding resources — about $2,000 per child, in a district whose average general-education spending per pupil is about $13,000 — and tailoring the lessons for low-performers works. Nearly 80 percent of the 54 first graders and 47 second graders in Gift of Time classes this past school year now read at grade level (although they are, of course, a year behind their age group); at least 30 percent of the younger group and 11 percent of the older group are above grade level, according to district evaluations performed last month.

Iraida Hada, the principal of Hempstead Elementary here, said that merely holding back students without a special program to address their needs would not have been as effective.

“How are we going to make it work the second time around, if it didn’t work the first time?” asked Mrs. Hada, whose school was one of five in the district that inaugurated the program this year. “What are we going to do for them? What are we going to change? I believe this program has afforded them another opportunity.”

But some parents have greeted the idea with skepticism, and many education experts say it doubly stigmatizes vulnerable children by combining two practices widely discredited by research: retention and tracking low-achievers.

“This is very worrisome,” said Jay Heubert, a professor of law and education at Teachers College at Columbia University, arguing that both holding back students and separating them can lower self-esteem and academic achievement, increasing the likelihood of dropouts.

Michelle Brown, 34, a certified nursing assistant, fought unsuccessfully to keep her son, Nallehc, out of the program this year for fear that he would be picked on — which he was.

“We believe that for you to have to repeat first grade, it means that you are not capable, you are a dunce child,” Ms. Brown said. “It was bad enough to repeat, and then to repeat in a Gift of Time class. I thought it was a polite way of saying he’s a special-needs child.”

The concept, often called transition classes, was tried in kindergarten in thousands of schools — including East Ramapo’s — in the 1970s and ’80s. Lorrie Shepard, dean of the School of Education at the University of Colorado at Boulder, said such programs were generally abandoned after students failed to show significant academic gains and often developed a worse attitude toward school.

“Kids as young as kindergarten were aware that they were being held back and that what they were doing wasn’t normal,” Dr. Shepard said.

But with the federal No Child Left Behind law and a battery of state mandates increasing pressure on schools to raise test scores, efforts to end the longtime practice of promoting children based on age rather than achievement have taken on new urgency. Districts in Milford, Del., and Lakeland, Fla., are among a handful nationwide that have been experimenting with transition classes in recent years, though both dropped them in the face of parental resistance and, in Florida, concerns among teachers.

“I had a hard time putting just the low-achieving kids together,” said Betty Fitzgerald, principal of Lakeland’s Churchwell Elementary, which ran a separate class for repeating third graders for two years in response to tougher state standards. “It’s like saying, ‘You all are low kids, and you all didn’t pass.’ ”

(The Delaware schools scrapped the retention piece: low-performing kindergarteners are promoted, but grouped in a first-grade class that emphasizes basic skills)

Supporters of the separate classes say they give struggling students a chance to learn at their own pace rather than setting them up for future failure by shoe-horning them into a uniform timetable. Since the 1970s, several schools scattered around New Hampshire have placed kindergarteners in what they call readiness classes for up to a year before starting first grade; the classes are usually smaller and promote social development as much as academics.

“I feel it raises the academic bar in the entire school,” said Dillard E. Collins, principal of an elementary school in Hampstead, N.H., who enrolled his own son in a readiness class in nearby Nashua in the 1980s. “If all the children are ready to go, it’s like moving the starting line up.”

Here in Rockland County, the East Ramapo district serves a mostly poor and minority student population: nearly three-quarters qualify for the federal free or reduced-price lunch program; about 56 percent of the overall public school enrollment is black, 25 percent Hispanic and 7 percent Asian.

District officials said they revived Gift of Time classes to address a widening gap in the vocabulary and other skills of the youngest children. Similarly, the district began requiring full-day kindergarten last year for the bottom one-fifth of students.

Dr. Mitchell J. Schwartz, a psychologist who retired this spring as the district’s superintendent, said East Ramapo had similarly tried separate classes in the 1980s to address an achievement gap between boys and girls (boys were behind). He said those classes, also called Gift of Time, were successful but were eliminated after several years for financial reasons.

East Ramapo spent $200,000 on the program this year, buying new class materials and training teachers. That amounts to about 15 percent more per student than the district typically spends, according to state records. In the fall, only the first-grade classes will continue — district officials said that holding first graders back last year meant there were few second graders needing to repeat — saving the district $100,000.

Stripped of required social studies and science lessons, Gift of Time classes give teachers extra time to focus on basic skills, allowing them to spend several days on a single topic if needed. A reading specialist works with the students every day, and a speech therapist comes in every other week.

Gift of Time students rejoin other first and second graders for lunch and recess. Come fall, they will be reintegrated into regular classrooms, now a grade behind the other children in their age group.

At Hempstead Elementary, off a pastel green and blue hallway leading to all seven first-grade classrooms, the Gift of Time class looks like an SAT war room, with charts on reading comprehension and narrative writing plastered to the cinderblock walls and overflowing onto the window shades.

Ericka Quiñones, the teacher, said that most of the eight girls and six boys were not only barely reading when they arrived in her classroom but were so disengaged and unsure of their abilities that they would stare back blankly when she asked questions. So Ms. Quiñones started calling on students; one girl responded by saying that she had not raised her hand.

All 14 students now read at least at grade level, according to last month’s district evaluation. Nallehc Brown, 7, is one of four who are reading above grade level.

Nallehc said that at first, he did not want to be in the class because his friends told him it was “a baby class, and I felt bad.” But he said that that he had made new friends and did not feel as self-conscious now.

His mother said that she still did not like the name Gift of Time — in her neighborhood, it’s known as the “special-needs class” — but that “a lot of the fears I had at the beginning have disappeared.”

Several parents interviewed last week said that their children had probably learned more because they had been segregated from the younger students. Rose Julien, 43, who works in an accounting office, said that her 7-year-old twins often talked about being in second grade, as though they have forgotten they are repeating first.

“If they were in a regular first grade, they’d feel like they don’t belong there,” she said. “That would frustrate them.”

Sharaya Lakes, 26, a stay-at-home mother of six, said the Gift of Time class had not only helped her son, Zy-Air, learn to read, but also boosted his self-confidence; he talks constantly about a girl in the class. At first, Ms. Lakes had cried because she felt as if she had failed Zy-Air when he had to repeat first grade, and worried about how he would fit in with the other children who had been held back. But in the end, there were some positives in the experience.

“They all help each other,” she said. “They made friends out of this program, too.”

You won't have to campaign hard to get students to use this interactive learning tool

From: eSchool News
http://www.eschoolnews.com/news/site-of-the-week/site/?i=54264;_hbguid=e601ed45-77ca-437e-9afc-e6063a6e5d84&d=site-of-the-week

A free online computer game from Cable in the Classroom lets students experience the pressure cooker of a presidential campaign, requiring players to manage campaign money, lobby interest groups, and make gut-wrenching decisions when scandal threatens their bid for the White House. First created during the 2004 campaign season, “eLECTIONS” was refined and reintroduced this year. Players can run for president as a Democrat, Republican, or third-party candidate and can choose their platform issues, ranging from taxes to national defense to education. Each player moves through a game board that includes pitfalls such as small-scale family or campaign scandals. As the 2008 presidential race heats up this summer and fall, the site’s creators say eLECTIONS could be a valuable tool to help students understand the events driving the campaign. “eLECTIONS is an excellent resource for teachers and students who are trying to understand the events and decisions that shape voter contests,” said Joanne Wheeler, vice president for education at C-SPAN.

Link:
http://www.ciconline.org/elections

Tuesday, June 24, 2008

A Guide to Teacher Interviews

From: The Apple
http://www.theapple.com/careers/3373-a-guide-to-teacher-interviews

If you are preparing for an interview in the field of education, you know that teaching interviews can be comprehensive and vary different from interviews in the corporate world. In order to make a good impression on the school where you’ve applied, you’ll want to do your homework. We’ve compiled articles written specifically to help teachers in the interview process.

Teacher Interview Tips and Advice

This is the culmination of several years of hard work. You’ve finished college. You’re done with your student teaching and you’ve passed all of your teacher certification examinations. The applications, resumes, and cover letters have been sent out to every local school district.
All you can do now is sit around the house and wait for the phone to ring, right? Wrong! You should be preparing for your interview!

I’ve been to the interview table several times as a candidate and many more times as an interviewer. If there were any tricks, secrets, or shortcuts to success in the interviewing process, I haven’t discovered them. My only sound advice for candidates is to come to the interview prepared.

You should have your teaching portfolio in-hand and you should be ready to talk about anything and everything that relates to you, your background, and your philosophies on education. The best candidates know how to teach, they know how to articulate their teaching beliefs, and most of the time, they already know what types of questions will be asked before the interview even begins.

It’s easy for an interviewer to spot an unprepared candidate. Candidates who have not practiced basic interview questions beforehand are unnaturally nervous. They shift in their seats more. They begin most answers with the word, “uhhhhh.” There are long pauses while interviewers wait for the candidate to process the question and think up an answer. They get confused by basic educational jargon that they learned in college.

Almost every teaching interview includes similar, common questions. In order to be a prepared candidate, all you have to do is practice answering the most common questions before you go to the interview. (See the practice interview questions chapter in my book to review the 45 most commonly asked questions.) If you prepare beforehand, the interview questions will seem routine and familiar. There are no tricks or shortcuts; if you do your homework you will perform well.

Body language can show whether you’re a confident, qualified teacher or an unsure one. At the interview, be confident, but not cocky. Smile when you walk in. Greet the people interviewing you with a smile and a nod. Firmly shake the hand of the principal and other interviewers that are within easy reach. When you take your seat, sit up straight with your feet on the floor and your hands in a relaxed position on the desk.

Have a mild sense of humor. Prepare to make some humorous small talk when you are greeted. For example, if a principal shakes your hand and asks how you are, it’s okay to say, “A nervous wreck!” A whimsical introduction can break the ice. Be sure your sense of humor is clean and appropriate for an interview.

Have a teaching portfolio ready. Your portfolio should contain extra copies of your resume, a copy of your teaching certificate, sample lesson plans, samples of student work, and any other evidence that shows you are a qualified candidate for a teaching position. It should be bound in a neat, professional-looking leather binder. (See the teaching portfolio chapter in my book for more information.) Place the portfolio in front of you when you sit down at the interview table.

Usually, the people interviewing you will not ask to see your portfolio. They do, however, expect you to have it on-hand. Don’t wait for anyone to mention the portfolio. Instead, you should use it as a tool to describe your teaching experiences. For example, if you are asked to describe a lesson that involves teaching writing, you might say, “Yes, I can show you! I have a sample of student work that shows how I teach the writing process.”

The first question at almost every interview will be: “Tell us about yourself.” You should already know what you’re going to say. Keep your answer reasonably brief. You can talk about the college you attended and provide an overview of your teaching experience.

Always be positive. Try not to say, “I don’t know.” Avoid saying, “I’m not really good at…” Don’t say, “That’s one of my weak points.” Always tell the truth, but you don’t want to suggest that you’re not a confident, successful, qualified teacher. If you honestly don’t know the answer to a question, you might ask the interviewer to restate it in a different way, or you might want to give the best answer you can based on your knowledge and experiences.

Use lots of examples when you answer questions. When they ask how you would do something, tell them how you have already done it. This will make you seem more experienced. For example, if an interviewer asks, “How would you you use creative problem-solving in your lessons?” You might answer with, “When I was student teaching, I did a great creative problem-solving lesson when…” When you use specific examples, you’re convincing the interviewers that you’re more than just hypothetical talk.

The final question of your interview will most likely be, “Do you have any questions for us?” Be prepared with a thoughtful question ahead of time. While this is probably not the most important question of the interview, it is your last chance to leave a positive impression. Rather than answering with, “Not really,” you should ask something philosophical or complimentary. You might ask the interviewer why they are proud of their school or what the people you’ll be working with are like. Since your interviewers will probably be meeting with lots of candidates, you should use the opportunity to ask a question and make yourself stand out. And, think about it: You’ve been on the hot seat answering their questions for 45 minutes. You’ve earned the right to turn the table, even if it is just for a moment.

When you leave, the interviewers will, of course, be talking about you. They’ll be filling out little forms rating your experience, qualifications, communication skills, and personality. At the end of the day, they will have about a dozen of these forms sitting on the desk. They’ll look through them all and the chosen candidates will be the ones who were the most memorable, most qualified, and most prepared for the meeting. With some time and effort, that candidate can be you.

10 Secrets to a Perfect Teaching Interview

Are you nervous about your next interview for a teaching job? Don’t be! Just remember these 10 secrets to a perfect interview!

1. Have a teaching portfolio that is filled with lesson plans and student work samples.
I know it takes a great deal of time to assemble a teaching portfolio, but your hard work will pay off. Instead of just telling them you’re a great teacher, you can use your portfolio to show interviewers the exciting lessons you’ve used to teach children in the past.

2. Practice sample interview questions before you go to the interview.
Interview questions aren’t usually unique. In fact, the same questions will be asked at almost every interview. Do a google search to find common teacher interview questions and practice your responses beforehand. (50 common interview questions and answers are also available in my eBook, which can be downloaded from: http://www.iwantateachingjob.com )

3. Be sure you dress professionally.
You’d be surprised at how much your clothing matters. If you dress to casually, the interviewers may not believe that you’re taking the interview seriously enough.

4. Make eye contact with all of the interviewers at the table, not just the principal.
I’ve sat in on many interview committees and have noticed that many candidates look directly at the principal and seem to ignore the rest of the panel. Be sure you make eye contact with everyone at the table.

5. Project a friendly, bubbly, positive, and outgoing personality.
Interview committees are looking for friendly people to be on their staff. While your teaching credentials are important, you need to remember that the interview committee is also looking for someone with a positive person that is easy to get along with. If they can see your glowing personality shine through, they are more likely to want you at their school.

6. Research the school district beforehand.
Visit the district’s website to find out their philosophy of education. Also, research information about the types of students that you will be teaching, the community, and the subjects being taught there.

7. Be sure your educator vocabulary is up-to-date.
Be sure you’re familiar with educational jargon and teaching acronyms. All of those big vocabulary words you learned in college may come back to haunt you at the interview. If you’re asked about differentiated instruction, IEPs, Everyday Math, NCLB, or ELL students, you don’t want to be the candidate that responds with, “Huh?”

8. Use lots of specific examples when you discuss your teaching experiences.
Want to seem like an experienced professional? Whenever an interviewer asks you how you would do something, tell them how you have already been doing it. If you use words like, “I would like to…” or “I might try to…” or “I could…”, then you will seem inexperienced. Instead, say things like, “When I was student teaching, I…” or “When I taught __, I would…” or “One thing I always do is…” This will help to emphasize and highlight your expereince.

9. Prepare a good question to ask at the end of the interview.
Your questions should be complimentary to the school and open-ended. Try to prepare a question that will require the interviewer to think, rather than just provide you with a one-word answer. Thoughtful questions will leave a lasting impression.

10. Don’t forget to mail your thank you letter right away!
Whether you send a greeting card or a formal business letter, be sure you thank the interviewers for meeting with you. You letter should express your appreciation, compliment the school environment, and invite the interviewers to contact you again.

100 Teacher Interview Questions

1. First, tell us a little bit about yourself. (Almost every teacher interview begins this way.)
2. Describe your college experiences?
3. Tell us about your experiences working with students at this age level.
4. Describe your philosophy of teaching?
5. Why do you want to become a teacher?
6. List three of your strengths your strengths and explain each one.
7. Describe three of your weaknesses as a teacher.
8. In what ways do you encourage creativity in your classroom?
9. Tell us about a lesson in which you’ve used differentiated instruction.
10. How do you teach kids to utilize higher-order thinking skills in your classroom?
11. What do you do to prepare your students for state or standardized tests?
12. Do you make learning fun for students? How?
13. If I walked into your classroom on a typical afternoon, what would I see going on?
14. How do you measure student performance in your classroom?
15. Describe a successful lesson. Tell why it was successful.
16. What would you do if a student wasn’t handing her homework on a regular basis?
17. How much homework do you give?
18. Besides lecture, what methods of teaching do you use?
19. Tell us about your discipline philosophy.
20. What are your classroom rules? How do you make students familiar with the rules?
21. What daily or weekly routines would be incorporated in your teaching?
22. One student hits another student. What do you do?
23. A student throws a pencil across the room. What do you do?
24. Explain what you would do if a student was swearing in your class?
25. What would you do if a student was complaining about an assignment you’ve given?
26. What would you do if a parent complained about an assignment?
27. Describe some methods of “positive reinforcement” that you might use in your classroom.
28. Would you describe yourself as a “tough” teacher or an “understanding” teacher? Explain.
29. How would you create a behavior modification for a student with ongoing behavior problems?
30. What are some ways you can avoid behavior problems?
31. Without giving any names, describe the most challenging student you’ve ever taught.
32. What would you do to calm an angry parent?
33. Do you have an example of a parent newsletter that you can show us?
34. In what ways do you communicate with parents on a regular basis?
35. A parent calls you because they are worried about their child’s low grades. What would you say to the parent?
36. A parent writes a note and tells you that their daughter could not complete their homework assignment because she had a dance recital the night before. What do you do?
37. How do you keep parents informed of their childs’ progress?
38. How do you use technology to enrich your lessons?
39. How computer literate are you?
40. Do you think it is appropriate for children in school to be using the Internet?
41. Give an example of a time when you’ve worked on a team.
42. Describe one time when you’ve acted as a leader.
43. How do you feel about team-teaching?
44. What can you do for a student that is extremely gifted?
45. Describe a gifted student.
46. How would you recommend a child for special education services?
47. Most classes have students with a wide-range of reading abilities. What can you do to meet the needs of students with high reading abilities and low reading abilities at the same time?
48. Tell us a little about your student teaching experiences.
49. What is your least favorite age/grade/subject to teach? Explain.
50. What is your favorite age/grade/subject to teach? Explain.
51. What are some of the most important things you learned when student teaching?
52. What was the most satisfying moment throughout your student teaching?
53. What was the most frustrating thing about student teaching?
54. Describe one college course that taught you the most about being a good teacher.
55. Who influenced you to become a teacher?
56. Describe the biggest challenge you’ve ever had to face.
57. What books are you currently reading?
58. A student confides in you and tells you that his parent abuses him. He asks you not to tell anyone. What do you do?
59. What is your definition of a life-long learner? How can you promote life-long learning in your classroom?
60. Would you be willing to help out with extra-curricular activities? Which ones?
61. Have you ever been a substitute teacher in this school district?
62. What do you look for in a principal?
63. How do you communicate with administrators?
64. Would you like to be part of our new teacher mentor program?
65. What kinds of inservices would you be eager to attend?
66. List five adjectives that accurately describe yourself.
67. What professional teaching organizations do you belong to?
68. Have you ever received an award for anything in your lifetime? Describe.
69. Describe the differences between a good teacher and a great teacher?
70. What were you like as a student?
71. If you teach a lesson and your students don’t seem to be “getting it,” what do you do?
72. How do you provide support for students who are not performing as well as they should?
73. What can you do to meet the needs of students who do not speak English?
74. In what ways can you teach students to be accepting of one-another?
75. How would you teach conflict resolution to your students?
76. Name a book that you’d like to read to (or with) your students. Describe the book and tell why you chose it.
77. How do you feel about working in an inclusion classroom?
78. How do you meet the needs of a student with an IEP?
79. How would you teach the writing process?
80. Describe a high-interest project that you might assign to your students.
81. What can you offer our school that other candidates cannot?
82. Do you think you are a flexible person? Explain.
83. What do you like to do when you’re not teaching?
84. How do you incorporate writing into your curriculum?
85. Can you show us what your lesson plan book would look like?
86. How closely do you follow your lesson plans?
87. Where do you plan to be ten years from now?
88. What part of this job are you looking forward to?
89. What part of this job scares you?
90. In your opinion, what are the biggest challenges that teachers face today?
91. Why do you want to teach in this, particular district?
92. How can you make your teaching connect to students’ real-world experiences?
93. Tell me about your references. Who are they and how do they know you?
94. If I were to call your references, what might they say about you?
95. How can teachers reach out to the community?
96. How do you make sure you are teaching to the state standards?
97. What kinds of materials and supplies would you need to do your job well?
98. How do you feel about noise in your classroom?
99. Show us your portfolio.
100. What questions do you have for us?

6 Common Teacher Interview Questions

When you get a call from a school administrator inviting you to interview for a teaching job, how do you feel? Happy? Elated? Excited? Nervous? Scared stiff?

You don’t need to worry about the interview if you’re a well-prepared, qualified candidate. Preparing for a teaching interview is a lot like studying for a test. You can review commonly asked questions, think about what you’ll say beforehand, and go in to do your best. If you prepare beforehand, the interview questions will seem routine and familiar. You’ll have answers on the tip of your tongue, ready-to-go.

Below is a list of six commonly asked teacher interview questions from my eBook, Guide to Getting the Teaching Job of Your Dreams. How would you answer each question?

1. Tell us about yourself.
This will be the first question at almost every interview. Just give a brief background in about three sentences. Tell them what colleges you graduated from, what you’re certified to teach, what your teaching & working experiences are, and why you’d love the job.

2. How do you teach to the state standards?
If you interview in the United States, school administrators love to talk about state, local, or national standards! Reassure your interviewer that everything you do ties into standards. Be sure the lesson plans in your portfolio have the state standards typed right on them. When they ask about them, pull out your lesson and show them the close ties between your teaching and the standards.

3. How will you prepare students for standardized assessments?
There are standardized assessments at almost every grade level. Be sure you know the names of the tests. Talk about your experiences preparing students. You’ll get bonus points if you know and describe the format of the test because that will prove your familiarity.

4. Describe your discipline philosophy.
You use lots of positive reinforcement. You are firm, but you don’t yell. You have appropriate consequences for inappropriate behavior. You have your classroom rules posted clearly on the walls. You set common routines that students follow. You adhere to the school’s discipline guidelines. Also, emphasize that you suspect discipline problems will be minimal because your lessons are very interesting and engaging to students. Don’t tell the interviewer that you “send kids to the principal’s office” whenever there is a problem. You should be able to handle most discipline problems on your own. Only students who have committed very serious behavior problems should be sent to the office.

5. How do you make sure you meet the needs of a student with an IEP?
An IEP is an “individualized education plan.” Students with special needs will be given an IEP, or a list of things that you must do when teaching the child. An IEP might include anything from “additional time for testing” to “needs all test questions read aloud” to “needs to use braille textbook.” How do you ensure you’re meeting the needs of a student with an IEP? First, read the IEP carefully. If you have questions, consult a special education teacher, counselor, or other staff member who can help you. Then, you just make sure you follow the requirements on the IEP word for word. When necessary, you may be asked to attend a meeting in which you can make suggestions for updating the IEP. Your goal, and the goal of the IEP, is to make sure the student has whatever he or she needs to be successful in your class.

6. How do you communicate with parents?
This question will come up at almost every elementary school interview. It’s fairly common in the middle school and high school as well. You might have a weekly parent newsletter that you send home each week. For grades 3 and up, you may require students to have an assignment book that has to be signed each night. This way, parents know what assignments are given and when projects are due. When there are discipline problems you call home and talk to parents. It’s important to have an open-door policy and invite parents to share their concerns at any time.

Five Insider Tips for a Successful Interview

I have sat on the interview panel on my elementary school for several years and have witnessed some impressive and not so impressive interviews. Like many schools, our leadership team spent hours analyzing the answers and demeanor of the candidates. Our goal was to find the best teacher from the mere 45 minute meeting. Every second counts when you are under the watchful eyes of an interview team. Below are five helpful tips that may help you to impress your interviewers and secure your desired job.

Interview Tip #1: Maintain an understanding of current best practices and be ready to provide examples of how you are implementing them in your classroom. For example, you should certainly be prepared to explain how you differentiate instruction. In a recent interview, we questioned what differentiation techniques one candidate would use to reach the low-achieving students in your classroom. She responded that she would pair the low-achievers with the high-achievers who would help teach the material. First of all, this is not differentiation. Because the high-achievers have mastered the material they are now expected to take others under their wings and teach them? As smart as these children may be, they do not have a teaching degree. Secondly, if she were truly meeting the needs of all of the students in her classroom, these high-achievers should have moved on to other tasks that match their ability level, while she worked with those struggling to understand the material.

Interview Tip #2: Avoid saying anything negative about current or former colleagues. Collaboration is a must in schools today. Principals are looking for “team players” whose presence and expertise will add to the staff. I once heard an interviewee explain that her teammates were not very good teachers and their personalities clashed so she did not collaborate. This may very well be the case, but it sends up a red flag to those sitting across the table. Interviewers are left questioning was it the teammate or the interviewee who was the problem? Sugarcoat your answer or omit a few details, but remain positive. No one wants to hire someone who may bring negativity to a staff.

Interview Tip #3: Create unique answers that will stick in the minds of the interviewers. Take time before the interview to consider those questions that will likely be asked. Think about the wonderful things you do in your classroom that set you apart from others. You may even want to set up a few interviews with schools that do not interest you just to get a feel for what types are questions are currently being asked. Our interview team would often ask a candidate why he or she wanted to become a teacher or has stayed with the profession. In this situation, do not say that you love kids. This response was most frequent, and the least impressive. Of course, you do and that is wonderful, but the answer is common and predictable.

Interview Tip #4: As petty as this sounds, consider your appearance. If you have seen the latest “Tide To Go” advertisements with the “talking stain,” you understand that appearance can often speak louder than words. I am not exaggerating when I tell you that I once interviewed a candidate who was wearing a white shirt and thin bra that you could see right through. Needless to say, my memory of this interview was not how she ran her reading program. If you appear disheveled or inappropriate in an interview, a principal will be concerned about how you will present yourself in the classroom.

Interview Tip #5: Do not forget to write a thank you note. Not only will your etiquette stand out among other candidates, but it gives you one more opportunity to compliment the principal and his/her school. A well-written thank you note can go a long way.

Since NCLB Law, Test Scores on Rise

From: Education Week
http://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2008/07/16/43cep_web.h27.html?tmp=1304272582
By Sean Cavanagh

Student achievement in mathematics and reading has risen on state tests, and the gap between white and minority children has narrowed since the passage of the federal No Child Left Behind Act, though gains were stronger in elementary and middle schools than at the high school level, according to a new study.

The study, released today, found that the majority of states evaluated posted “moderate-to-large” gains in both subjects in 4th grade. In 8th grade math, most states fared well, though in reading the increases were not as great. The study looked at data from all 50 states from 2002 to 2007.

The study was generated by the Center on Education Policy, a research and advocacy organization in Washington. It follows up on a similar report released last year, and it tries to expand on that earlier analysis by supplementing it with another year of test data and more in-depth study of trends in different areas, particularly the progress of minority students.

The study addresses “a very broad question, and it provides a very broad answer,” said Jack Jennings, the president of the center, in an interview.

“Student achievement is increasing, and the achievement gap is narrowing,” Mr. Jennings said. Overall, “it’s good news,” he said of the results.

The state gains in reading and math were not as strong when compared with states’ performance on the National Assessment of Educational Progress, the federally administered test that judges states on a common scale. That gap was most pronounced in 8th grade reading. NAEP, known as the “nation’s report card,” is used by researchers and policymakers as the standard for measuring student achievement, independent of various state testing policies and achievement levels.

But Mr. Jennings said that, on the whole, the more modest state NAEP scores did not undermine the gains reflected in individual states’ assessments. NAEP scores still “confirm the general trend,” he said.

Is Law Behind Rise?

The authors of the study say it is impossible through their study to answer the oft-asked question among policymakers whether the NCLB law has on its own produced gains or decreases in student learning. Too many factors, particularly state and local school policies, skew that connection, they say. Yet the study seems certain to stoke debates among researchers, policymakers, parents, and others over the 6 1/2-year-old law’s impact.

President Bush, who signed the bipartisan measure into law in 2002, has steadfastly promoted it as having produced student academic gains, despite criticism from parents, teachers, and others who say the measure has produced a test-driven curriculum overly focused on math and reading. Both of the presumed nominees in this year’s presidential race, Sen. Barack Obama, D-Ill., and Sen. John McCain, R-Ariz., have voiced general support for the law, while also vowing to seek changes that will make it fairer to schools. ("Candidates at Odds Over K-12," June 11, 2008.)

The study examines student achievement on the basis of the percentage of students scoring at the “proficient” level on state-administered tests in reading and math. States are required to give exams in those subjects annually in grades 3-8 and once in high school. As a second indicator, the study looks at the “effect size,” basically the differences between test results, using a common measurement. The study also compared trends on the individual state tests with the state-by-state results of NAEP.

The center was advised in designing and implementing the study by a team of outside researchers who have studied testing policy and education research: Laura Hamilton of the RAND Corp.; Eric Hanushek of the Hoover Institution; Frederick Hess, director of education policy studies, the American Enterprise Institute; Robert L. Linn, a professor emeritus at the University of Colorado at Boulder; and W. James Popham, a professor emeritus at the University of California, Los Angeles. Those panelists include both supporters and critics of the No Child Left Behind Act. ("State Tests Show Gains Since NCLB," June 6, 2007.)

The center’s researchers say they vetted test data from 2002 to 2007 and omitted results from individual states that had significantly changed their testing policies during that time. Only trends of state testing data lasting at least three years were analyzed, and subgroups that were so small that they might have skewed the results, or which had changed significantly in size, were not counted.

Elementary School Gains

Overall, in both reading and math, there were 133 categories of students making moderate-to-large gains on their state tests, and only 10 cases of students making moderate-to-large drops in achievement.

In math, 21 of 27 states with enough test data to be analyzed made moderate-to-large gains at the elementary level, as judged by the two indicators used in the study, proficiency and effect size. Only one state showed a decline in both indicators at the elementary level.

In middle school math, 22 of 27 states made moderate-to-large increases in both indicators, while only two of them had decreases in either indicator. Among high school students, 12 of 26 states produced moderate-to-large math increases, and six states saw a decrease on at least one indicator in that subject.

In elementary reading, 17 of 28 states produced moderate-to-large gains on both indicators, and three states showed a decline in one category, effect sizes. Fourteen of 28 states made moderate-to-large gains on the two indicators at the middle school level, while six states had scores that stayed flat or declined by one indicator.

At the high school level, of 27 states evaluated, just eight states made moderate-to-large gains in two indicators, seven states made at least slight gains on both, and five states saw either a moderate-to-large or slight decline in reading in both categories.

The study compared state percentages of “proficient” students against the NAEP in both reading and math in 134 total categories. It found that gains occurred on both assessments in 107 categories, and declined in both cases in just two instances. In the 25 other categories, NAEP and state test scores diverged.

While he found that the overall gains in NAEP and state tests mirrored each other, Mr. Jennings speculated that states’ weaker scores on the national assessment could be partly the result of students and school officials not seeing those tests as being as important as state exams, which carry high stakes for schools under the NCLB law. He also noted that some states’ curricula are more aligned to the content on NAEP tests than others are.

State standards for judging student “proficiency” on tests vary greatly. A federal study last year found wide discrepancies in the proficiency levels states use on their individual assessments, when judged against the NAEP, leading observers to question state claims of academic progress. ("State Tests, NAEP Often a Mismatch," June 16, 2007.)

'Hypersensitive' to Low-Achievers?

The Center on Education Policy study also found a closing of the gap between whites and minority subgroups. For instance, in elementary reading, the gap between African-American and white students narrowed in 13 states in both indicators and widened on both indicators in only one state, the analysis found.

Bruce Fuller, a professor of education and public policy at the University of California, Berkeley, was skeptical that the racial-achievement gap shrunk as reported by the states. He said states want to recognize the gains of low-achieving students, and tend to be “hypersensitive” to relatively small test-score increases as a result, in ways that NAEP is not.

Even so, Mr. Fuller said he was encouraged by the overall state gains in reading and math.

That view was shared by Ross Wiener, the vice president for programs and policy at the Washington-based Education Trust, a Washington-based group that advocates high standards for disadvantaged students. He attributed the state advances to a host of education improvements made at the federal, state, and local levels, many of which began before the passage of the NCLB law.

Improvements have “been brought about by the standards and accountability movement,” Mr. Wiener said. “No Child Left Behind has been a part of that, but there’s no way to tease that [effect] out.”

School Is Out, and Nutrition Takes a Hike

From: The New York Times
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/24/health/nutrition/24well.html
By Tara Parker-Pope

As my 9-year-old daughter began summer day camp last week, we talked about swimming rules, sunscreen and ... cheese fries.

It was at summer camp a few years ago that she first experienced the culinary joy of cheese fries, which can pack 800 or more calories in a serving. Her camp is typical of those around the country: days packed with archery, swimming and adventure climbing; menus packed with soft drinks, burgers, chicken nuggets and, once a week, cheese fries.

Camp food is just one of the summertime nutrition challenges for parents these days. While childhood health advocates often blame schools for poor nutrition and a lack of physical activity, the problem often gets worse in the summer. Last year, The American Journal of Public Health published a provocative study showing that schools may be taking too much of the blame for the childhood obesity epidemic.

Data from kindergarteners and first graders found that body mass index increased two to three times as fast in summer as during the regular school year. Minority children were especially vulnerable, as were children who were already overweight.

Notably, even children who were too thin and needed to gain weight appeared to have better eating habits during the school year. They actually gained more weight while in school and less in the summer.

The data are far from conclusive; they are from 1998-99, the only time federal education officials gathered seasonal data on schoolchildren, said a co-author of the study, Douglas B. Downey, professor of sociology at Ohio State. Similar statistics were not collected for older children.

Even so, the findings suggest that while school nutrition may not always be ideal, children — whether overweight or underweight — may benefit from the structured nature of the school year, which includes scheduled meals, snacks and recess.

“Schools likely provide a more structured day for most children,” Dr. Downey said. “Kids’ access to food is limited to lunch and snack, and they usually receive at least some consistent exercise. When children are at home in the summer they have freer access to food, and while there’s warmer weather, there may be less consistent exercise.”

For parents, the data suggest a need to be extra vigilant about what their children eat during the summer. But that is easier said than done. While many school districts have nutritionists involved in lunch planning, relatively few summer camp programs do. Camps tend to focus on food safety — making sure the food doesn’t spoil in the hot sun. And parents who want to pack lunches struggle with the same problem, often resorting to packaged products that will hold up in the hot weather.

“Camp food is terrible,” said Susan B. Roberts, director of the energy metabolism laboratory at the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University. “The problem is that they are doing what is easiest — the lowest common denominator for what kids like, and on top of that usually it has to be not something that goes bad and is no work to prepare.”

Despite the food, children who go to camp at least have the advantage of daily organized physical activity. Those who do not, particularly those in low-income families, often spend summers at home with little supervision or structure to their day. They end up watching television or playing video games and grazing on food all day.

“During the year, television viewing habits are more limited because of school and homework, but in summer, all bets are off,” said Dr. David Ludwig, director of the obesity program at Children’s Hospital Boston. “They are lying around all day long with little supervision, watching TV and playing video games. The mythical childhood of summer at the beach is becoming increasingly rare, certainly for children in the inner city.”

Weight gain aside, even brief exposure to certain foods can shape tastes and preferences for the rest of the year. Not only do children eat more when watching television, for instance, but they are also exposed to numerous commercials for sugar- and fat-laden foods and snacks.

“They’re being exposed to a huge number of food commercials for highest-calorie lowest-quality products,” Dr. Ludwig said. “Those effects have been demonstrated to alter food choice.”
Parents concerned about those choices can take a lesson from the schools. Ask baby sitters to create more structure in the summer day, schedule lunches and snacks at regular times when possible and encourage children to take a “recess” outdoors a few times a day. And parents of children in day camp still have control over breakfast and dinner and all meals on weekends.

“There’s not a lot of data on children’s summertime activities,” said Paul von Hippel, a former Ohio State researcher who was the lead author of last year’s study. “But I think what our data show is that it’s good to keep kids busy during the summer — just busy enough so they’re not eating all the time.”

Since NCLB Law, Test Scores on Rise

From: Education Week
http://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2008/07/16/43cep_web.h27.html?tmp=2955030
Vol. 27, Issue 43
By Sean Cavanagh


Student achievement in mathematics and reading has risen on state tests, and the gap between white and minority children has narrowed since the passage of the federal No Child Left Behind Act, though gains were stronger in elementary and middle schools than at the high school level, according to a new study.

The study, released today, found that the majority of states evaluated posted “moderate-to-large” gains in both subjects in 4th grade. In 8th grade math, most states fared well, though in reading the increases were not as great. The study looked at data from all 50 states from 2002 to 2007.

The study was generated by the Center on Education Policy, a research and advocacy organization in Washington. It follows up on a similar report released last year, and it tries to expand on that earlier analysis by supplementing it with another year of test data and more in-depth study of trends in different areas, particularly the progress of minority students.

The study addresses “a very broad question, and it provides a very broad answer,” said Jack Jennings, the president of the center, in an interview.

“Student achievement is increasing, and the achievement gap is narrowing,” Mr. Jennings said. Overall, “it’s good news,” he said of the results.

The state gains in reading and math were not as strong when compared with states’ performance on the National Assessment of Educational Progress, the federally administered test that judges states on a common scale. That gap was most pronounced in 8th grade reading. NAEP, known as the “nation’s report card,” is used by researchers and policymakers as the standard for measuring student achievement, independent of various state testing policies and achievement levels.

But Mr. Jennings said that, on the whole, the more modest state NAEP scores did not undermine the gains reflected in individual states’ assessments. NAEP scores still “confirm the general trend,” he said.

Is Law Behind Rise?
The authors of the study say it is impossible through their study to answer the oft-asked question among policymakers whether the NCLB law has on its own produced gains or decreases in student learning. Too many factors, particularly state and local school policies, skew that connection, they say. Yet the study seems certain to stoke debates among researchers, policymakers, parents, and others over the 6 1/2-year-old law’s impact.

President Bush, who signed the bipartisan measure into law in 2002, has steadfastly promoted it as having produced student academic gains, despite criticism from parents, teachers, and others who say the measure has produced a test-driven curriculum overly focused on math and reading. Both of the presumed nominees in this year’s presidential race, Sen. Barack Obama, D-Ill., and Sen. John McCain, R-Ariz., have voiced general support for the law, while also vowing to seek changes that will make it fairer to schools. ("Candidates at Odds Over K-12," June 11, 2008.)

The study examines student achievement on the basis of the percentage of students scoring at the “proficient” level on state-administered tests in reading and math. States are required to give exams in those subjects annually in grades 3-8 and once in high school. As a second indicator, the study looks at the “effect size,” basically the differences between test results, using a common measurement. The study also compared trends on the individual state tests with the state-by-state results of NAEP.

The center was advised in designing and implementing the study by a team of outside researchers who have studied testing policy and education research: Laura Hamilton of the RAND Corp.; Eric Hanushek of the Hoover Institution; Frederick Hess, director of education policy studies, the American Enterprise Institute; Robert L. Linn, a professor emeritus at the University of Colorado at Boulder; and W. James Popham, a professor emeritus at the University of California, Los Angeles. Those panelists include both supporters and critics of the No Child Left Behind Act. ("State Tests Show Gains Since NCLB," June 6, 2007.)

The center’s researchers say they vetted test data from 2002 to 2007 and omitted results from individual states that had significantly changed their testing policies during that time. Only trends of state testing data lasting at least three years were analyzed, and subgroups that were so small that they might have skewed the results, or which had changed significantly in size, were not counted.

Elementary School Gains
Overall, in both reading and math, there were 133 categories of students making moderate-to-large gains on their state tests, and only 10 cases of students making moderate-to-large drops in achievement.

In math, 21 of 27 states with enough test data to be analyzed made moderate-to-large gains at the elementary level, as judged by the two indicators used in the study, proficiency and effect size. Only one state showed a decline in both indicators at the elementary level.

In middle school math, 22 of 27 states made moderate-to-large increases in both indicators, while only two of them had decreases in either indicator. Among high school students, 12 of 26 states produced moderate-to-large math increases, and six states saw a decrease on at least one indicator in that subject.

In elementary reading, 17 of 28 states produced moderate-to-large gains on both indicators, and three states showed a decline in one category, effect sizes. Fourteen of 28 states made moderate-to-large gains on the two indicators at the middle school level, while six states had scores that stayed flat or declined by one indicator.

At the high school level, of 27 states evaluated, just eight states made moderate-to-large gains in two indicators, seven states made at least slight gains on both, and five states saw either a moderate-to-large or slight decline in reading in both categories.

The study compared state percentages of “proficient” students against the NAEP in both reading and math in 134 total categories. It found that gains occurred on both assessments in 107 categories, and declined in both cases in just two instances. In the 25 other categories, NAEP and state test scores diverged.

While he found that the overall gains in NAEP and state tests mirrored each other, Mr. Jennings speculated that states’ weaker scores on the national assessment could be partly the result of students and school officials not seeing those tests as being as important as state exams, which carry high stakes for schools under the NCLB law. He also noted that some states’ curricula are more aligned to the content on NAEP tests than others are.

State standards for judging student “proficiency” on tests vary greatly. A federal study last year found wide discrepancies in the proficiency levels states use on their individual assessments, when judged against the NAEP, leading observers to question state claims of academic progress. ("State Tests, NAEP Often a Mismatch," June 16, 2007.)

'Hypersensitive' to Low-Achievers?
The Center on Education Policy study also found a closing of the gap between whites and minority subgroups. For instance, in elementary reading, the gap between African-American and white students narrowed in 13 states in both indicators and widened on both indicators in only one state, the analysis found.

Bruce Fuller, a professor of education and public policy at the University of California, Berkeley, was skeptical that the racial-achievement gap shrunk as reported by the states. He said states want to recognize the gains of low-achieving students, and tend to be “hypersensitive” to relatively small test-score increases as a result, in ways that NAEP is not.

Even so, Mr. Fuller said he was encouraged by the overall state gains in reading and math.
That view was shared by Ross Wiener, the vice president for programs and policy at the Washington-based Education Trust, a Washington-based group that advocates high standards for disadvantaged students. He attributed the state advances to a host of education improvements made at the federal, state, and local levels, many of which began before the passage of the NCLB law.

Improvements have “been brought about by the standards and accountability movement,” Mr. Wiener said. “No Child Left Behind has been a part of that, but there’s no way to tease that [effect] out.”